What is the reconciliation between the interpretation of some scholars regarding the verse: "And those who believed and whose descendants followed them in faith" (Quran 52:21) that it refers to young children who have not married, and the verse: "Gardens of perpetual residence, which they will enter and [also] those who صالح [were righteous] among their fathers, their spouses, and their descendants" (Quran 13:23), where Allah gathered the father, spouse, and child, despite the spouse being independent in their life from the father? Also, it is rare for a person to achieve faith without marriage, and it was not known among the Companions that their children reached maturity and died upon faith without marrying. So why was the good tiding of the descendants joining them mentioned in the first verse?
The exegetes differed regarding the meaning of the verse: (And those who believed and whose offspring followed them in faith – We will join their offspring with them).
The first interpretation: The offspring referred to are both children and adults who are believers. Allah will join their offspring with them in their ranks in Paradise, out of honor for the parents, even if the deeds of the offspring did not reach the level of their parents.
The second interpretation: The offspring referred to are adult believers. Allah will join their young children, who have not yet reached faith, with them through the faith of their parents.
The third interpretation: Allah will join the offspring with their parents in Paradise through the parents' faith.
Ibn al-Qayyim and Ibn Uthaymeen favored the interpretation that restricts "offspring" to young children, excluding adults. This is because adults are judged based on their own actions regarding reward and punishment, and because Allah has ordained ranks in Paradise according to the deeds of independent individuals. As for dependents, they are raised to the level of their families, even if their own deeds do not merit it. This does not contradict the verse in Ar-Ra'd which speaks generally about entering Paradise.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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