What are the specific consequences resulting from translating the word "Islam" and its derivatives as a noun instead of a verb, and what is the extent of the validity and evidence for these consequences?

Islam has two meanings: a general one and a specific one.

The general meaning: submission to Allah by following His messengers at all times, and it is the religion of all prophets and messengers.

The specific meaning: a proper noun for the message of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and following his Sharia (definition), and it pertains to whoever was alive after his mission (peace be upon him).

The word "Islam" and its derivatives in the Quran often come with the general meaning of Islam, as in the Almighty's saying: "When his Lord said to him, 'Submit,' he said, 'I have submitted to the Lord of the worlds'" (Al-Baqarah: 131), and His saying: "And we are Muslims [in submission] to Him" (Al-Baqarah: 133), and His saying: "And bear witness that we are Muslims [in submission]" (Al-Imran: 52).

It may also come with its specific meaning due to the context and reason for revelation, such as the Almighty's saying: "This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion" (Al-Ma'idah: 3). This verse is specific to the nation of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

So, Islam in the general sense is worshipping Allah according to what He legislated since Allah sent the messengers. And Islam in the specific sense, after the mission of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is confined to what he was sent with, because it abrogated all previous religions.