Who dissented from the majority opinion on the ruling concerning the drawing of animate beings, what are their evidences, and is their dissenting opinion considered valid?
Some jurists differed from the majority regarding the prohibition of images that do not cast a shadow. Among them are the Malikis and Ibn Hamdan from the Hanbalis, who deemed them disliked (makrooh). They stipulate for an image to be prohibited that it must be three-dimensional and cast a shadow. Imam Al-Nawawi described this view as invalid, citing the Prophet's (peace be upon him) disapproval of the image on the curtain, which does not cast a shadow. However, Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar responded to Al-Nawawi, arguing that the aforementioned view was transmitted by Ibn Abi Shaybah with a sound chain of narration from Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, and that the Prophet's (peace be upon him) disapproval was directed at hanging the pictured curtain that covered the wall, not at the image itself, especially if it was used in a way that shows disrespect (i.e., not exalted). Ibn Hajar concludes that this view is weak, and that what is permissible is what is treated with disrespect, not what is set up or exalted.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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