Is expiation (kaffarah) obligatory for one who swore by other than Allah concerning a future matter and then broke their oath?
Swearing by other than Allah is not permissible, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "Whoever swears, let him swear by Allah or remain silent." Swearing by something unlawful (haram) or by divorce is particularly among the oaths of the wicked. Those who swear by them must repent. There is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the consequences of swearing by something unlawful. As for swearing by divorce, it results in divorce according to the majority of scholars if one breaks the oath. Some, however, are of the view that divorce does not occur unless intended, otherwise an expiation for breaking an oath is incumbent upon him. Swearing by the Kaaba is also not permissible, and there is no expiation for it except repentance.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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