Is it permissible to supplicate: "O Allah, I adjure You by the number of Your creation, the pleasure of Your Self, the weight of Your Throne, and the ink of Your words to destroy both so-and-so and so-and-so, swiftly and not belatedly"?

There is no harm in entreating Allah Almighty to answer a permissible supplication, nor in supplicating against a specific person if they are an oppressor who violates the sanctity of religion and its people. Supplicating against them is obligatory, as is supplicating against anyone who follows their path of sin and transgression. If they have not violated the sanctity of religion and its people, then it is obligatory to supplicate for their repentance. There is a difference of opinion regarding supplicating against people of sin; some permit it, while others forbid it. Among the comprehensive supplications is: "O Allah, set aright whoever, in their righteousness, brings righteousness to the Ummah of Muhammad. O Allah, destroy whoever, in their destruction, brings righteousness to the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him."