Is expiation obligatory for someone who swore "by oath and by religion, I will not eat of this thing tomorrow," and found the food was finished the next day, and must the expiation be for ten poor people, or can it be given to a family whose members are more or less than ten?

If a man says, "Upon me is an oath," intending it as an oath, the preferred view among the Shafi'is and a narration among the Hanbalis (chosen by Ibn Qudamah) is that nothing is due from him. This is because it is not a legally binding oath formula; rather, it is a declarative statement. However, if he says, "If I do such and such, then upon me is an expiation for an oath," then he is unanimously obligated to pay the expiation for an oath. If expiation becomes due, it is to feed ten poor people or clothe them. It is permissible to give it to a single family if its members number ten or more. It is not permissible to give it to a family with fewer than ten members such that a single individual receives more than the share of one poor person.