How do we reconcile the descent of revelation upon the Prophet (peace be upon him) while he was unconscious, as mentioned in the hadith, with the descent of revelation upon him while he was in a state of complete wakefulness, consciousness, and awareness?
Scholars differed regarding the revelation of Surat al-Kawthar, whether it occurred in sleep or wakefulness. Al-Suyuti held the view that it was revealed in sleep, based on the narration by Muslim from Anas. However, he pointed out Al-Rafi'i's opinion that the entire Qur'an was revealed in a state of wakefulness, and that what occurred to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was the "buraha' of revelation" – a state of revelatory trance – and not actual sleep. Al-Suyuti endorsed this latter view, affirming that the Prophet's statement, "It has just been revealed to me," negates the possibility of it having been revealed before that moment. Even if we assume it was revealed in sleep, there is no strangeness in that, for the visions of prophets are revelation.
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