What is the ruling on taking the actions and stances of others (Muslims and non-Muslims) as a lesson, and is it permissible to mention the names of those who committed these actions, and what if people recognize the individuals even if their names are not mentioned?

Allah Almighty commanded His Prophet to narrate the stories of those who came before for admonition and reflection. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, mentioned many stories, such as the story of the three (the leper, the bald man, and the blind man). Therefore, it is permissible to mention stories of people and their positive and negative situations to learn from them and reflect upon them, without identifying their owners or mentioning their names or descriptions by which they are known, especially if they contain unpleasant matters that they would dislike to be mentioned. It is not permissible to defame people or mention what they dislike, because mentioning a person with what they dislike is considered backbiting, which is forbidden in Islamic law, whether the person is a Muslim or a non-combative disbeliever. It was part of the Prophet's guidance, peace be upon him, not to identify individuals. Thus, one should not say: "Do not be like so-and-so," while explicitly naming them.