What is the ruling on copying old software programs that are no longer available in the market, and what is the ruling on using a computer that contains programs of unknown origin or that were downloaded by the device seller?

It is not permissible to copy programs if the manufacturer stipulates that the copyrights are reserved, except with their permission, whether specific or general. These programs are the private property of their owners and have significant financial value, which is recognized by Islamic law, so it is not permissible to infringe upon them. As for what computer sales companies do by loading programs whose manufacturer is unknown, it is permissible to benefit from them; otherwise, it is not.