Is it better in a time of calamity (Qunut an-Nawazil) to begin the supplication by directly invoking against the enemies immediately after rising from Rukūʿ, or to begin with "O Allah, guide me among those whom You have guided" and then invoke against them? And what did the Prophet (peace be upon him) do when he invoked against Raʿl and Dhakwān?

It has been established in the Sunnah (definition) that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to supplicate with Qunut after rising from the lastركعة (bowing), following his saying: "Allah hears those who praise Him; our Lord, to You be praise." This is as ورد in the Qunut of Calamity (Qunut al-Nazilah), which he supplicated with during the Fajr prayer, and as he did for a continuous month in all five prayers. As for the supplication: "O Allah, guide me among those whom You have guided," its place is in the Qunut of Witr.