Is it permissible to pray with the intention of repeating it later to overcome obsessive doubts (waswas) about the intention, knowing that there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the validity of this prayer?

The obligation concerning the intention for prayer is that you intend, at the beginning of the prayer or a short time before it, that you are praying such-and-such an obligatory prayer. This is a very simple matter. If you perform what is obligatory upon you regarding the intention in the manner explained, then do not pay attention to anything that assails you from whispers (waswas) after this, for the cure for whispers is to turn away from them and not to heed them. If you intended to repeat the prayer after completing it, this would not affect the validity of the prayer if you had already made the obligatory intention. However, this (repeating the prayer) is not prescribed.