Which is better: performing the Asr prayer in congregation at work, or going to the mosque and risking missing the first congregation or not catching another congregation? And if there is no congregation at the mosque, is it better to pray individually there, or to return home and pray in congregation with one's wife?

There is no need to wait at work to pray in congregation, because one is not commanded to pray before its time, and this waiting may cause hardship. It is permissible to leave work after its completion, and if it is easy to pray in congregation on the way, then that is obligatory unless it causes hardship. If that is not possible, then the choice is between going to the neighborhood mosque to pray in congregation, or, preferably, praying in congregation with one's family at home to attain the reward of congregational prayer. Congregational prayer is superior even if it is not in the mosque, and it is valid with two or more people.