Is it permissible to plan for the future by supplicating for a sequence of matters, knowing that taking the necessary means and exerting effort are impossible, or is this considered an transgression in supplication?

The meaning of transgression (al-i'tida') in supplication (du'a') is: asking for the impossible, or for a sin, or asking for the status of prophets, or asking for something that Allah does not do, such as asking for immortality until the Day of Resurrection, or asking to be freed from human necessities like the need for food and drink, or asking Him to reveal the unseen, or asking Him to make one infallible, or asking for a child without a spouse. Also, raising one's voice in supplication is a form of transgression. If the supplication is free from such transgression, it is permissible, even if its causes are not present at the time of supplication, for Allah is the Creator of causes and their effects.