Is it permissible for the wife to appoint someone within Syria to file for divorce on her behalf before a Sharia court, and what is the duration of the waiting period (iddah) if a divorce occurs, given that her husband has been detained for over five years and she has received news of his illness, and she resides in Turkey and cannot file her case there?

If the wife is harmed due to the loss or imprisonment of the husband, she may request a divorce to remove the harm. The divorce does not take effect except by the husband's pronouncement of divorce or by the ruling of a Sharia judge. If there is no judge in the wife's country, she can appoint someone to request the divorce for her in her country. The waiting period (iddah) begins after the final divorce ruling is issued.