What is the ruling on prayer and the obligation of ritual purification (ghusl)? Is major ritual purity (taharah kubra) obligatory after a husband fondles his wife without penetration? And is prayer valid with ablution (wudu') only?

A woman's maniy (seminal fluid) is thin and yellow, its scent is like that of a man's maniy, and she experiences pleasure upon its emission, followed by a sensation of relaxation. As for madhiy (pre-seminal fluid), it is a thin, whitish, sticky fluid that exits upon arousal without gushing or intense pleasure, and is not followed by relaxation. Its emission may not even be noticed, and it is more common in women. If the white fluid has the characteristics of maniy, then ghusl (ritual bath) is obligatory. If it is most likely madhiy, then it suffices to wash the affected area. If you are in doubt, you have the choice between considering it maniy and performing ghusl, or madhiy and simply washing the affected area. Maniy is pure. Foreplay involving the anus is permissible as long as there is no penetration. It does not necessitate ghusl unless maniy is emitted, and wudu' (ablution) suffices for prayer.