What is the ruling on changing the last name on a Swedish passport to a European name while retaining the original name on the Palestinian nationality, and is it permissible to change one's name out of fear of racism?

It is not permissible for someone with a proven legitimate lineage to attribute themselves to anyone other than their father, based on the Almighty's saying: ﴿ادْعُوهُمْ لِآَبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ (Call them by their fathers' names; it is more just in the sight of Allah). This is also supported by the Prophet's (PBUH) warning to those who do so, declaring it an act of disbelief and a cause for being deprived of Paradise. An exception to this is made for necessities that permit prohibitions, such as changing a personal name without attributing oneself to someone other than the legal father; this is permissible and is to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.