What is the Shariah ruling on dealing with an entity that requests money in exchange for providing research that is difficult to obtain for free, given the suspicion regarding the source of their funds or their method of acquiring the research? And would the research seeker be complicit in the sin if it becomes clear that the research was purchased with stolen money?
There is no harm in dealing with the entity affiliated with universities for obtaining scientific research. The basic principle is innocence unless there is evidence or strong presumption of theft, and the questioner's words do not necessitate suspicion.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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