What is the ruling on giving agricultural land to a farmer to cultivate, with the farmer giving the owner a quarter of the harvest, and with an agreement not to give the farmer any expenses? Is this transaction Islamically permissible?

It is permissible for the landowner to give his land to someone to cultivate it, on the condition that the produce be shared between them according to their agreement. This is the view of the majority of scholars. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, dealt with the people of Khaybar on the basis of half of what came out of it in terms of fruits and crops. This arrangement continued until Umar expelled them, and the seeds were provided by the people of Khaybar. The correct view is that the seeds may be provided by the worker. What the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade concerning mukhabarah (sharecropping) and renting land was the condition of cultivating a specific plot of land for the landlord, which is invalid by text and scholarly consensus, because transactions are based on justice. There is no harm in sharecropping your land with a farmer, provided that you receive a quarter of the yield from it.