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The question

What is the ruling of Islamic law on changing the father's name in official documents for a person to acquire the status of a son; is this considered adoption?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

It is permissible to add some relatives to official documents out of necessity, such as fearing for them from destitution, or for a legitimate religious purpose that cannot be achieved without this addition, provided that the harms that may result from it are secured, and with the obligation to inform the family that this person is not a biological son, because in Islam, what matters are realities, not names. As for adding relatives merely for living purposes or to gain material or moral benefits, it is not permissible due to the deception and fraud involved therein.

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
81836
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy