Must I make up the day that I fasted with the intention of making up (a missed fast) and broke my fast after the Maghrib Adhan, then two days later I became unsure whether I broke my fast before or after the Adhan, knowing that I suffer from obsessive doubt (waswasa)?

Your breaking of the fast after hearing the Maghrib Adhan means that you broke your fast after the time for it had begun. Any doubt about breaking the fast before or after the Adhan is merely a whisper (waswasa) that should be disregarded. Your fast is valid, and you are not required to repeat it.