ما الفرق بين الظالم والفاسق في سياق عدم الحكم بما أنزل الله، وفقًا لتقسيم الشيخ ابن عثيمين؟

It seems there was an omission in a previous statement, as the Sheikh added another condition for the state of injustice (ẓulm). The difference between an oppressor (ẓālim) and a transgressor (fāsiq) is that the oppressor is driven by hatred towards the judged party to rule by other than what Allah has revealed, whereas the transgressor is driven by a bribe or other considerations to appease the judged party and rule in their favor. Scholars have differed on this matter: some said that these descriptions refer to one and the same person, while others said they refer to multiple persons, and this latter view is the more preponderant.

Thus, one is a disbeliever (kāfir) in three cases: 1. If they believe that ruling by other than what Allah has revealed is permissible. 2. If they believe that the ruling of other than Allah is like the ruling of Allah. 3. If they believe that the ruling of other than Allah is better than the ruling of Allah.

One is an oppressor (ẓālim): If they believe that ruling by what Allah has revealed is the best, most beneficial, and obligatory to apply, but hatred and malice towards the judged party led them to rule by other than what Allah has revealed.

One is a transgressor (fāsiq): If they rule by other than what Allah has revealed due to personal whims, while believing that Allah's ruling is the truth, such as ruling in favor of someone due to a bribe, kinship, or personal interest. In this case, they are also an oppressor, but the description of transgressor is more fitting.