When did Muhammad (peace be upon him) become a prophet and when did he become a messenger?

The beginning of prophethood was with the revelation of the first verse of the Qur'an: "Recite in the name of your Lord who created," and the beginning of the رسالة (messengership) was with the revelation of His (Allah's) saying: "O you wrapped in garments [i.e., Prophet Muhammad] Arise and warn."

He was made a prophet with "Iqra (Recite)" and sent as a messenger with "Al-Muddaththir (The Enshrouded One)." The revelation began when he was forty years old, in the Year of the Elephant. The revelation ceased between "Iqra" and "Al-Muddaththir" for three years.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, lived in Medina for ten years after the Hijra and passed away at the age of sixty-three.

His prophethood began thirteen years before the Hijra, and his messengership began ten years before the Hijra.