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The question

How did Prophet Moses speak with the two daughters of Shu’ayb despite their different languages, and how did Prophet Muhammad greet the prophets and lead them in prayer despite their different languages, and did the prophets know the Arabic language?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

Moses, peace be upon him, knew Coptic, and it is most likely that he knew the Arabic language of the people of Midian, as he addressed the two daughters of Shu'ayb and their father without an interpreter. The people of Midian were Arabs, and their language was like Arabic, which has dialects. It is possible that Moses' mother tongue was Egyptian, or a mixture of Egyptian and Canaanite. As for the language of thebprophets during the Mi'raj (Ascension), it is most likely that it was Arabic. As for Moses' companion and the father of the two women, it is most likely not Shu'ayb the Prophet.

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
101875
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy