How can it be correct that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, led the prophets in prayer in Al-Aqsa Mosque before the Ascension, and then asked about their identities upon meeting them in the heavens?

There is no contradiction between the Prophet's prayer with the Prophets in Jerusalem and his asking about their names in the heavens. This can be interpreted in several ways, including: that he saw them generally in Jerusalem and then asked about their names in the heavens, or that the prayer with them took place after his return from the heavens, or that he knew them in Jerusalem and then forgot, or that their appearances changed in the heavens, or that he knew their characteristics but not their names in Jerusalem, and when he ascended to the heavens, he learned their names. The latter is the most probable.