What is the ruling on an unregistered marriage (zawāj ‘urfī) for a Muslim woman without the consent of her family or guardian (walī)? Is it considered invalid, and would the woman then be in a state of zina (fornication)? What is the ruling on an unregistered marriage if all conditions are met but there is no public declaration (ishhār)? What is the ruling on a father secretly marrying his daughter in an unregistered marriage, tempted by money, to a man significantly older than her and already married? What is the Sharia's view on marriages with a large age gap, which often end in divorce? What is a misyar marriage, and what is its ruling?

In Islam, marriage has conditions and regulations that preserve the rights of individuals and society. If a marriage is conducted without the guardian's permission and consent, it is void (bāṭil), and the couple must be separated. However, if it is conducted without announcement or public declaration, it is valid (ṣaḥīḥ) with the requirement to announce it, unless there was a conspiracy to conceal it, in which case there is a difference of opinion among scholars.

Regarding a large age difference between spouses, it does not affect the validity of the marriage. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, married women with significant age differences. As for a father forcing his daughter into marriage, if she is a previously married woman (thayyib), he is not allowed to force her. If she is a virgin (bikr), there is a difference of opinion, but the preponderant view is that he is not allowed to force her.