Is it permissible to apply the Sharia punishments independently of the state, such as a victim of theft applying the Hadd punishment for theft himself, given the state's preference for man-made laws that do not deter criminals, and taking into consideration the obligation to ensure the implementation of Allah's law?

The implementation of the hadd (prescribed punishment) for theft is subject to specific conditions. Furthermore, only the Imam (ruler) or his deputy may carry out these punishments, for the benefit of the servants [of Allah], and to protect their lives, properties, and honor. This is because the Imam possesses the power to enforce them, and because he is free from accusations of bias or favoritism, thus ensuring their proper application. Indeed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his successors after him, implemented the hudud.