How can one resolve the issue of the "Tathweeb" (calling to prayer: "prayer is better than sleep") in the Fajr Adhan, which some consider an innovation in the second Adhan, while desiring to follow the Sunnah and avoid inciting discord among Muslims?

The statement that Tathwib in the second Adhan for Fajr prayer is an innovation is incorrect, as there are no texts indicating that Tathwib should be in the first Adhan (which occurs in the last part of the night before dawn). Rather, what is narrated in the Sunnah is that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "When you call the first Adhan of Fajr, say: 'Prayer is better than sleep.'"

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen clarified that the first Adhan is for waking up sleepers, while the Adhan for Fajr prayer is after the entry of its time. His statement, "When you call the first Adhan," indicates that the Adhan is the notification, and that Tathwib occurs in the Adhan for Fajr prayer.

Shafi'i jurists have explicitly stated the permissibility of Tathwib in both Adhans, and this is apparent from the كلام (words) of the Hanbalis and Malikis. Therefore, it is recommended to adhere to Tathwib in the Adhan that is called for the prayer (even if it is called the second Adhan), as it conforms to the evidence and maintains the unity of the Muslims in the mosque.