Does deliberately swallowing blood in Ramadan necessitate only a make-up fast (qada'), or both a make-up fast and expiation (kaffarah), and is there a difference of opinion regarding this ruling?

Intentionally swallowing blood that has exited the mouth invalidates the fast according to the majority of scholars, and only requires making up the missed day (qada'), it is not a condition for what enters to be nourishing to invalidate the fast. Some jurists are of the opinion that swallowing blood does not invalidate the fast, especially for someone who frequently experiences bleeding due to a chronic condition. The ruling that is adopted (mufta bihi) is that the fast is invalidated, and making up the day (qada') is obligatory. The majority of scholars do not obligate expiation (kaffara) for invalidating the fast except through sexual intercourse. The Malikis, however, believe that expiation is obligatory if certain conditions are met for intentionally swallowing blood.