How sound is the Hadith: "He who humiliates a sultan, Allah will make him king on earth; Allah will humiliate him in this world and the Hereafter"?

The hadith mentioned in the question was not narrated with the exact wording stated. However, a similar wording was narrated by Al-Tirmidhi: "Whoever humiliates Allah's Sultan on Earth, Allah will humiliate him." Al-Albani graded it hasan (good) after initially weakening it, due to the presence of corroborating evidence. Al-Suyuti interprets "Allah's Sultan" as referring to whomever Allah has appointed to execute His commands, so honoring him is honoring Allah, and humiliating him is humiliating Allah. It is also possible that it refers to Allah's proof and clear evidence, or Allah's Book and the Sunnah of His Prophet, as mentioned in a weak hadith narrated by Al-Tabarani.