Is it permissible for the father to dispose of the sum of money he received from a settlement with an institution where his deceased son used to work, and would he incur sin if the sum was deducted from the salaries of other employees in the institution?

The claim for the son's financial dues from the company can be summarized as follows:

1. You have the right to claim your son's dues from the company for his work and training there, especially since he did not receive a salary.

2. You are not permitted to waive a part of the son's dues except with the consent of the other heirs and their authorization for you, as you are not the sole rightful owner.

3. The money you took:

- If it was only in exchange for keeping your son's name on the company's records, then you are not entitled to take it.

- If it represents your son's dues or a part of them, and the heirs agree to waive the rest, then there is no harm.

- If this amount is considered part of the inheritance, then what you spent as charity on behalf of the son is considered from your share, and what you spent will be charged against you unless the heirs agree that it is from everyone's share.

4. If the company made a legal mistake by keeping your son's name on its records, and no harm resulted, then waiving this error is not your right if it is a public right, and taking compensation for it is considered taking money by unlawful means. You must inform the relevant authorities if the company's action is a reprehensible act that cannot be denied except by you.