How did Umar, Uthman, Ali, Warqa ibn Nawfal, and the scribes of revelation learn to read and write in the pre-Islamic environment, and were there schools in the Hijaz, or did they learn in Iraq and Syria?
Writing was present among Arabs before Islam, but it was not widely spread, and individuals learned it from one another. When Islam came, Muslims paid attention to writing and disseminated it.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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