Are the golden objects found in a newly purchased Chinese handbag considered found property, and is it permissible to benefit from them, or must they be sold and their price given in charity?

These items are lost property that must be identified. You should start with the seller, and if they do not belong to him, they might belong to the manufacturer of the bag. If it is impossible to reach their owners, you may take possession of them according to one opinion among scholars. The other opinion — which is more appropriate — is that they are to be treated like money whose owner cannot be found, and thus should be spent on the welfare of Muslims.