What is incumbent upon my mother, who used to tend sheep and was unaware of the obligation to fast, and who would break her fast due to fatigue and thirst, and remained in this state for many years?

A Muslim must learn the Islamic rulings, and a guardian must teach his family, in accordance with the Almighty's saying: "O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire." The people of villages and desert areas must be keen to have someone teach them, and they should send their children to study Islamic knowledge so that they return as jurists who warn their people.

Religious tapes, programs, and booklets should be utilized.

As for the mother, if her breaking of the fast was due to extreme hardship, it is permissible for her, and she must make up for it. If she broke her fast due to ordinary fatigue without an excuse, she is sinful and must make up for it and repent. If she delays making up for it without an excuse until another Ramadan comes, she must make up for it and offer expiation by feeding a poor person for each day.