What is the ruling on a girl breaking her fast in Ramadan while being coerced by her mother, and how can she make up for those days? Is she considered to have broken her fast intentionally or under duress, and what is incumbent upon the mother to do?

Obeying parents in acts of disobedience to Allah or in abandoning His obligations, such as not fasting in Ramadan, is impermissible. This is based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "There is no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator," and "Obedience is only in what is good." The child must treat them with kindness in speech and response, in accordance with the Almighty's saying: {But if they endeavor to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them, but accompany them in [this] world with kindness}.

Therefore, the girl should have fasted Ramadan even if her mother refused. If she was forced to break her fast, the Shafi'i school of thought holds that she does not break her fast by that, because a condition for breaking the fast is that the one forced has a choice. However, the majority of scholars believe that the one forced does break their fast, and acting upon this opinion is more cautious. Thus, the girl must make up what she missed, along with repentance and seeking forgiveness. The mother must also repent for preventing her daughter from performing an obligation.