Is it permissible for a worshiper who missed the congregational prayer to pray Dhuhr alone, while a congregation is praying Asr as a jama‘ taqdīm (early combining) in the mosque, knowing that combining Asr with Dhuhr occurs almost daily?

Persistently combining Dhuhr and Asr prayers without a valid Shar’i (Islamic legal) justification is reprehensible and goes against the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Scholars have unanimously agreed on its impermissibility; indeed, it is narrated from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that it is among the major sins. It is not permissible to pray behind someone who does this; rather, one must pray alone. They (the perpetrators) should be advised and informed of the obligation to observe prayer times. As for the disparity in intention between the follower (ma'mum) and the imam, and completing the prayer behind someone praying Asr when one intends Dhuhr, this is permissible if the combination of prayers is authorized, or if one missed Dhuhr and caught up with them during Asr.