Is correcting one's father's words and clarifying his mistakes considered an act of disobedience (uquq), especially if it leads to a heated argument, and is seeking a divorce from one's husband to please one's father considered a mistake?

You are not required to separate from your husband to please your father, nor is it permissible in Islamic law. This is because, after marriage, the husband has a greater right to the woman than her parents. It is not permissible for your father to demand separation without a legitimate Shar'i reason; otherwise, he would be committing a sin.

You must strive to honor your father, maintain ties with him, and please him in matters that accord with Islamic law and do not conflict with your husband's rights. If your father speaks ill, think well of him. If he insists, advise him with gentleness and kindness. If he still insists, be patient and disregard his words without harshness or severity, because admonishing parents differs from admonishing others.