Are good deeds and bad deeds created?
"Hasanaat" (good deeds) and "sayyi’aat" (evil deeds) refer to two matters:
First: The actions of people, whether they are acts of obedience or disobedience. These are created, by the consensus of the Sunnis, contrary to the Mu'tazilah. Imam Al-Bukhari wrote the book "Khalq Af'aal Al-'Ibaad" (The Creation of the Actions of Servants) to prove this point.
Second: Allah's recompense for the actions of His servants, whether it is reward (thawab) or punishment ('iqab). This is also created, without any doubt according to the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah (Sunnis). Sheikh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah affirmed that reward is created. Thus, both the actions of people and their recompense are created by Allah.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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