Is it permissible to recite the following prayers: "May Allah bless Muhammad," "Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah," and "Peace and blessings be upon you, O beloved of Allah"?

First: Saying "O Muhammad" or "O Messenger of Allah," if not intended as a supplication or a request, but rather to recall his image and remember him, then there is no harm in it. It is permissible to say "May peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah" when visiting him or to send blessings upon him with the Ibrahamic prayer.

Second: It is permissible to send blessings upon the Prophet using any wording that conveys the meaning outside of prayer, such as saying "Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammad" (O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad) or "sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam" (may Allah send blessings and peace upon him). The best and most complete form is the Ibrahamic prayer at the end of the tashahhud within the prayer. It is disliked to restrict oneself to mentioning only blessings without peace, or vice versa.

Third: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is "Khalil Allah" (the Intimate Friend of Allah), and his status is higher than "Habib Allah" (the Beloved of Allah), because intimacy (khullah) is loftier than love (mahabbah). It is preferable to use "Khalil Allah."