Is it permissible for my wife to break her fast in Ramadan, knowing that she is breastfeeding our five-month-old child, finds difficulty in breastfeeding him, and her milk supply is decreasing, while I refuse to give him formula milk because it is the child's right? And is it better for her to break her fast or to fast and breastfeed him formula milk? And up to what age should a mother breastfeed her child?

If a breastfeeding woman fears for herself, she is permitted to break her fast and is only required to make up the days (qada'). If she fears for her child, she is permitted to break her fast and is required to make up the days (qada') and feed one poor person for each day (fidya). If the hardship is unbearable, or if her milk supply is so low that it harms the infant, she is permitted to break her fast. However, if it is possible to nurse the child with formula milk, or if another woman can breastfeed the child, then she must fast, and she is not given a choice between fasting and breaking her fast.