Is the agreement of the landowner with the farmer on a percentage of the future harvest considered an unknown profit, in the event that the landowner does not guarantee the productivity of the land, if the crop does not yield or perishes?

It is permissible, according to the majority of scholars, for a landowner to give their land to someone to cultivate and work it in exchange for a portion of the crop. They based this on what the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did with the people of Khaybar. In this case, if the crop does not yield fruit or is damaged without any transgression on the part of the worker, then he is not liable for compensation, and he loses his effort just as the landowner loses the benefit of his land.