What is the ruling on using drums (daff) in celebrations, and is there a difference in the ruling on their use between folk and Islamic groups?

The drum (tabl) is not permissible for use on any occasion because it is one of the forbidden musical instruments. As for popular celebrations (afrah sha'biyah), there is no harm in them if they are free from شرعي (Shari'i) prohibitions, such as the use of musical instruments (ma'azif) and drums (tabl), the mixing of men and women, the recitation of forbidden poetry, and distraction from religious obligations. One must differentiate between the drum (tabl), which is always forbidden, and the tambourine (duff), which is permissible for use in certain circumstances.