Is it permissible for a girl to specialize in general surgery, which necessitates baring the arms for sterilization in front of male doctors, given that there are conflicting fatwas among you regarding its permissibility for necessity?

There is no contradiction between the two fatwas, which agree on the impermissibility of uncovering the forearms in front of non-mahram men except out of necessity. The reason mentioned is not a necessity, nor a need that takes its place. The assessment of such matters differs and requires consulting scholars knowledgeable of the specific situation.