What are the limits of interaction for a female student with male patients in her university studies, especially when there is a need for a precise examination that involves looking at the 'awrah, and is it permissible to treat an elderly male patient who has no provider as if he were a relative?
A woman's study of medicine is a communal obligation (fard kifayah) and may even become an individual obligation (fard ayn) for her, especially in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics, provided she adheres to Islamic legal guidelines in her studies and practice. The general rule is that a woman should treat a woman, and a man should treat a man. It is forbidden for a woman to treat a man unless there is a need or necessity, especially in cases that require viewing private parts (awrah), while ensuring that she does not exceed the extent of that necessity. These guidelines must be observed with all men, young and old, to prevent any pretext for wrongdoing.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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