Is what the questioner is suffering from her husband, who insults the Divine Being and religion and threatens to kill her, a punishment from God for her because she married him without a guardian?

We sincerely advise you to turn to Allah and supplicate to Him, for He answers the supplication of the distressed. Marriage without a guardian (wali) is not valid according to the majority of jurists. If the man insults the Divine Being, this is apostasy from Islam, and associating with him is forbidden. Suicide is prohibited and a major sin.