What is the ruling on selling a real estate bond with a known profit, the amount of which will be received after the project is completed, at a lower profit margin in exchange for immediate payment, with the buyer awaiting the company's liquidation?
It is not permissible to sell a deferred monetary bond for cash, whether for the same amount or less, as this involves both types of riba (usury): riba al-nasia (deferment) and riba al-fadl (excess). Paper currency carries the same rulings as gold and silver, requiring immediate possession and exchange (hulul wa al-taqabud), and equality and sameness (al-tasawi wa al-tamathul) when exchanging the same currency. However, it is permissible to sell a monetary bond for a present commodity other than gold or silver. This is what some jurists and Fiqh academies have permitted: a creditor selling his debt to someone other than the debtor for a specific commodity or a specific usufruct.
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