What are the Shariah rulings related to sponsoring an orphan, specifically: Who is an orphan according to Shariah? What is the ruling on continuing to sponsor him after orphanhood ceases? What does sponsorship include? Is it permissible for the orphan's mother or a relative who cares for him to take anything from his money? What is the description of the charitable committees that oversee sponsorship, and do they have the freedom to dispose of sponsorship funds?

1. Orphan: An orphan is one whose father died before he reached puberty. This description remains until he reaches maturity.

2. Orphan Sponsorship (Kafalah): It is best for the sponsorship to continue until the orphan completes their education or no longer needs financial support.

3. What Sponsorship Includes: It includes sustenance, clothing, housing, education, and medical treatment, according to the sponsor's capacity.

4. Orphan's Money: It is the orphan's property, to be spent on their welfare. No one is permitted to take it except by legal right, and consuming it unjustly is a destructive major sin.

Consuming with Fairness: A poor guardian of an orphan's affairs may consume from the orphan's money with fairness.

Orphan's Mother: The orphan's mother may consume from the orphan's money with fairness if she is in need, but her siblings are not permitted to take from it.

5. Orphan's Guardian: A guardian may receive donations from benefactors and spend them on the orphan or invest them. If poor, the guardian may also take from the orphan's money with fairness.

6. Charitable Committees: They must be characterized by piety, trustworthiness, honesty, and discipline in spending.

7. Charitable Committee Expenses: Legally qualified committees may specify the spending recipient and amount, and take a percentage to cover project expenses, such as employee salaries, with volunteering being preferable for workers.