How should one pray if they experience pain in their knees during prostration (sujud) or the Tashahhud, yet are able to stand and bow (ruku)?

Mild knee pain does not prevent one from sitting for the tashahhud and prostrating. However, if the pain causes severe anxiety and disrupts khushu' (devotional humility), then the worshipper is exempt from sitting on the knees and prostrating on them. Therefore, if the pain prevents khushu', one should pray standing, and after rising from rukūʿ (bowing), sit on a chair and gesture for prostration, and then perform the tashahhud while seated.