Is it obligatory to re-perform prayers because of having wiped over shoes that later turn out to be permeable to water, and how are the prayers that may need to be re-performed to be estimated?

A shoe has two situations:

The first: If it is worn over socks that were put on after performing ablution (wudu'), then it is permissible to wipe over them for one day and one night for a resident, and for three days and nights for a traveler.

The second: If it is worn directly on the foot without socks. If it covers the area of the obligatory washing, some scholars permit wiping over it if it was put on after performing ablution. However, if it does not cover the area of the obligatory washing, it is not permissible to wipe over it; rather, it must be removed, and the foot must be washed.

Some scholars permit wiping over sandals if they cover most of the foot, and they interpreted the hadith about wiping over them as referring to sprinkling rather than washing.

However, the Permanent Committee for Issuing Fatwas is of the opinion that wiping is to be done over khuffs (leather socks) or ordinary socks that cover the area of washing of the feet, and it is not permissible to wipe over sandals that do not cover the area of the obligatory washing. The prayers performed with an incorrect wiping must be repeated.

If the shoe covers the entire foot and wiping over it was done while in a state of purity, then the wiping is valid, the prayer is valid, and there is no need for repetition. If it is later discovered that it had holes, this does not matter.

If the wiping over the shoe is invalid, the prayer becomes invalid and must be repeated. If the number of missed prayers is not known, one should continue making up prayers until it is strongly presumed that the obligation has been fulfilled.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah holds that whoever neglects a condition or pillar of prayer due to ignorance is not obliged to repeat it, but the opinion of the majority is that repetition is obligatory, and this is more cautious.