What is the ruling on killing a Muslim in retribution (qisas) if he wrongfully kills a non-Muslim, given the seemingly conflicting jurisprudential opinions regarding the permissibility or impermissibility of killing him, and questions about paying blood money (diyya) in this situation?

Scholars have differed on the issue of retaliatory killing (qisas) of a Muslim for killing a Dhimmi (non-Muslim living under Muslim rule). Some have held that qisas is applicable, while the majority opinion is against it. However, this does not imply the permissibility of killing a Dhimmi or disrespecting their honor or property. Islam prohibits the unlawful killing of a non-Muslim, and severe warnings are issued against those who kill a protected person (mu'ahid). The Prophet, peace be upon him, also warned against oppressing those with whom treaties have been made.

A Muslim must refute partial misconceptions by relying on the overarching principles of established creed and should not allow the heart to become a receptacle for doubts that could corrupt it.