What is the ruling on conducting marriage contracts (aqd al-qiran) in homes and the resulting meetings between men and women without a mahram and with the removal of the hijab? Does this contract guarantee the wife's rights in the absence of an official contract? And what is the standing of the spouses in this situation?

The official registration of the marriage contract is not a condition for its validity according to jurists. However, it becomes necessary if its omission leads to the loss of the spouses' rights, such as the dowry, inheritance, and lineage. This is what happens if local courts only recognize official contracts. In this case, the presence of the official marriage registrar and the registration of the contract become obligatory to ensure the preservation and protection of rights.